\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth,scale=0.8]
  \draw[dashed] (0,2) arc (90:150:2);
  \draw[dashed] (0,2) arc (90:50:2);
  \draw (0,6) arc (90:140:6);
  \draw (0,6) arc (90:70:6);
  \draw (0,0) [fill=black] circle (2.5pt)node[below]{$O$};
  \draw (90:2) [fill=black] circle (2.5pt)node[right]{$b$};
  \draw (90:6) [fill=black]circle (2.5pt)node[above]{$B$};
  \draw (110:2) [fill=black]circle (2.5pt)node[left]{$a$};
  \draw (110:6) [fill=black]circle (2.5pt)node[above]{$A$};
  \draw[->] (0,0)--(130:6)node[midway,left]{$R$};
  \draw[very thick]  (0,0)--(90:6);
  \draw[very thick]    (0,0)--(110:6);
  \draw[very thick,->] (0,0)--(90:3.8);
  \draw[very thick, ->] (0,0)--(110:3.8);
  \draw [<->] (0,3) arc (90:110:3)node[midway,above]{$\alpha$};
  \draw[->] (0,0)--node[above]{$r$}(60:2);
  \draw (1,4)--(90:4);
  \draw (1,4)node[right]{离子的轨迹}--(110:3.3);
  \draw (90:2)--(1,3)node[right]{钨原子};
  \draw (110:2)--(1,3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}